"temperance" meaning in All languages combined

See temperance on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈtɛmp(ə)ɹ(ə)n(t)s/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-temperance.wav [General-American], En-us-temperance.ogg
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *temp-der.? Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.? Proto-Italic *tempos Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin temperō Latin temperans Latin temperantiader. Anglo-Norman temperaunceder. Middle English temperaunce English temperance The noun is derived from Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”), from Anglo-Norman temperaunce, from Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”), from temperantem + -ia (suffix forming abstract nouns). Temperantem is the accusative singular form of temperāns (“restrained, self-controlled”), the present participle of temperō (“to moderate, temper; to be moderate or temperate; to govern, manage; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”) or *temp-, *ten- (“to extend, stretch”). By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states). As regards noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”), in Biblical texts the word is generally used to translate Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”). The adjective is derived from the noun. Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|:inh|enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>|id=moderation|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *temp-der.? Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.? Proto-Italic *tempos Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin temperō Latin temperans Latin temperantiader. Anglo-Norman temperaunceder. Middle English temperaunce English temperance [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*temp-", "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ten-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*temh₁-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*tempos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" }, { "id" : "denominative", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-ājō", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro", "pos" : "suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "influ.", "keyword_label" : "Influenced by", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂ti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "influence" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-āō", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ō", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "temperō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "temperans", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "temperantia", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Anglo-Norman", "term" : "temperaunce", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "xno" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "temperaunce", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "temperance", "lang" : "en" }" data-id="moderation" data-lang="en" data-title="temperance" id="English:_moderation">, {{lg|noun}} noun, {{inh|en|enm|temperaunce|t=forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.}} Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”), {{der|en|xno|temperaunce}} Anglo-Norman temperaunce, {{der|en|la|temperantia|t=moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance}} Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”), {{lg|suffix}} suffix, {{lg|abstract noun}} abstract noun, {{lg|accusative}} accusative, {{lg|singular}} singular, {{lg|present}} present, {{lg|participle}} participle, {{der|en|ine-pro|*temh₁-|t=to cut}} Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”), {{lg|noun}} noun, {{surf|en|temper|-ance|pos1=v|pos2=suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states}} By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states), {{senseno|en|moderate indulgence|t=moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions}} noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”), {{noncog|grc|ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ|t=mastery; self-control}} Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”), {{lg|adjective}} adjective, {{etymon|en|:inh|enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>|id=moderation|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *temp-der.? Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.? Proto-Italic *tempos Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin temperō Latin temperans Latin temperantiader. Anglo-Norman temperaunceder. Middle English temperaunce English temperance Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} temperance (not comparable)
  1. Advocating or practising complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages. Tags: not-comparable Translations (advocating or practising complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages): raittiusmielinen (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-temperance-en-adj-RuY1dwXD

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈtɛmp(ə)ɹ(ə)n(t)s/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-temperance.wav [General-American], En-us-temperance.ogg Forms: temperances [plural], temperaunce [alternative, obsolete]
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *temp-der.? Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.? Proto-Italic *tempos Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin temperō Latin temperans Latin temperantiader. Anglo-Norman temperaunceder. Middle English temperaunce English temperance The noun is derived from Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”), from Anglo-Norman temperaunce, from Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”), from temperantem + -ia (suffix forming abstract nouns). Temperantem is the accusative singular form of temperāns (“restrained, self-controlled”), the present participle of temperō (“to moderate, temper; to be moderate or temperate; to govern, manage; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”) or *temp-, *ten- (“to extend, stretch”). By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states). As regards noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”), in Biblical texts the word is generally used to translate Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”). The adjective is derived from the noun. Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|:inh|enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>|id=moderation|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *temp-der.? Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.? Proto-Italic *tempos Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin temperō Latin temperans Latin temperantiader. Anglo-Norman temperaunceder. Middle English temperaunce English temperance [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*temp-", "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ten-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*temh₁-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*tempos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" }, { "id" : "denominative", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-ājō", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro", "pos" : "suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "influ.", "keyword_label" : "Influenced by", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂ti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "influence" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-āō", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ō", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "temperō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "temperans", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "temperantia", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Anglo-Norman", "term" : "temperaunce", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "xno" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "temperaunce", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "temperance", "lang" : "en" }" data-id="moderation" data-lang="en" data-title="temperance" id="English:_moderation">, {{lg|noun}} noun, {{inh|en|enm|temperaunce|t=forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.}} Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”), {{der|en|xno|temperaunce}} Anglo-Norman temperaunce, {{der|en|la|temperantia|t=moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance}} Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”), {{lg|suffix}} suffix, {{lg|abstract noun}} abstract noun, {{lg|accusative}} accusative, {{lg|singular}} singular, {{lg|present}} present, {{lg|participle}} participle, {{der|en|ine-pro|*temh₁-|t=to cut}} Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”), {{lg|noun}} noun, {{surf|en|temper|-ance|pos1=v|pos2=suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states}} By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states), {{senseno|en|moderate indulgence|t=moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions}} noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”), {{noncog|grc|ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ|t=mastery; self-control}} Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”), {{lg|adjective}} adjective, {{etymon|en|:inh|enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>|id=moderation|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *temp-der.? Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.? Proto-Italic *tempos Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin temperō Latin temperans Latin temperantiader. Anglo-Norman temperaunceder. Middle English temperaunce English temperance Head templates: {{en-noun|-|s}} temperance (usually uncountable, plural temperances)
  1. (uncountable)
    Moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; calmness; (countable) an instance of this.     Tags: uncountable, usually Synonyms: patience, sedateness
    Sense id: en-temperance-en-noun-zExctDZg Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English terms suffixed with -ance, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Ethics Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 7 15 15 12 16 12 13 7 3 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 7 15 15 13 16 13 14 7 2 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ance: 9 14 14 10 13 11 15 10 6 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 6 13 13 11 16 11 18 8 2 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 5 14 14 11 17 11 18 7 2 Disambiguation of Ethics: 9 13 13 7 12 12 7 14 13
  2. (uncountable)
    Moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; calmness; (countable) an instance of this.
    (dated) Restraint or self-control when made angry or frustrated; forbearance.     Tags: dated, uncountable, usually Synonyms: patience, sedateness
    Sense id: en-temperance-en-noun-QB5sehGx Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English terms suffixed with -ance, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Ethics Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 7 15 15 12 16 12 13 7 3 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 7 15 15 13 16 13 14 7 2 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ance: 9 14 14 10 13 11 15 10 6 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 6 13 13 11 16 11 18 8 2 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 5 14 14 11 17 11 18 7 2 Disambiguation of Ethics: 9 13 13 7 12 12 7 14 13
  3. (uncountable)
    (Habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions; moderate or restrained indulgence.     Tags: uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-temperance-en-noun-en:moderate_indulgence Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ance, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Gothic translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 7 15 15 12 16 12 13 7 3 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 7 15 15 13 16 13 14 7 2 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 8 8 16 16 16 16 8 3 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ance: 9 14 14 10 13 11 15 10 6 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 4 4 4 23 23 23 11 5 1 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 9 9 15 16 15 19 10 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 7 7 7 17 17 17 18 9 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 7 7 7 16 16 16 19 8 4 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 6 13 13 11 16 11 18 8 2 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 5 14 14 11 17 11 18 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 7 9 9 13 15 13 14 13 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 6 6 6 19 20 19 15 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 6 6 7 16 17 16 17 10 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 7 5 6 18 20 18 15 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 4 9 9 17 18 17 20 5 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 7 7 7 17 17 17 19 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 6 7 7 17 17 17 18 7 4 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 7 7 7 17 18 17 19 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 6 7 7 17 17 17 18 7 4 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 6 6 6 19 20 19 15 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Gothic translations: 7 7 7 16 17 16 18 9 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 6 9 9 15 16 15 16 9 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 6 7 7 17 18 17 17 9 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 5 6 6 18 20 18 14 8 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 7 8 8 16 17 16 15 9 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 6 7 7 16 17 16 17 9 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 7 7 7 14 17 14 15 12 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 6 7 7 16 17 16 16 9 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 6 6 6 17 18 17 17 9 4
  4. (uncountable)
    (Habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions; moderate or restrained indulgence.
    Moderation in the use of intoxicating substances; sobriety; specifically, complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages; teetotalism.     Tags: uncountable, usually Translations (complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages — see also teetotalism): 戒酒 (jièjiǔ) (Chinese Mandarin), täysraittius (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-temperance-en-noun-en:moderate_indulgence1 Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ance, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Gothic translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Ethics Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 7 15 15 12 16 12 13 7 3 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 7 15 15 13 16 13 14 7 2 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 8 8 16 16 16 16 8 3 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ance: 9 14 14 10 13 11 15 10 6 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 4 4 4 23 23 23 11 5 1 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 9 9 15 16 15 19 10 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 7 7 7 17 17 17 18 9 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 7 7 7 16 16 16 19 8 4 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 6 13 13 11 16 11 18 8 2 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 5 14 14 11 17 11 18 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 7 9 9 13 15 13 14 13 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 6 6 6 19 20 19 15 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 6 6 7 16 17 16 17 10 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 7 5 6 18 20 18 15 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 4 9 9 17 18 17 20 5 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 7 7 7 17 17 17 19 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 6 7 7 17 17 17 18 7 4 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 7 7 7 17 18 17 19 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 6 7 7 17 17 17 18 7 4 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 6 6 6 19 20 19 15 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Gothic translations: 7 7 7 16 17 16 18 9 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 6 9 9 15 16 15 16 9 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 6 7 7 17 18 17 17 9 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 5 6 6 18 20 18 14 8 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 7 8 8 16 17 16 15 9 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 6 7 7 16 17 16 17 9 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 7 7 7 14 17 14 15 12 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 6 7 7 16 17 16 16 9 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 6 6 6 17 18 17 17 9 4 Disambiguation of Ethics: 9 13 13 7 12 12 7 14 13 Related terms (terms associated with teetotalism): antiprohibitionist, blind pig, blind tiger, bootlegger, bootlegging, dry, the dries, prohibitionary, prohibitionist, prohibition, Prohibition, speakeasy, wet, the wets Disambiguation of 'terms associated with teetotalism': 12 12 12 32 12 11 6 2 Disambiguation of 'complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages — see also teetotalism': 6 6 14 47 14 7 4 2
  5. (uncountable)
    (Habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions; moderate or restrained indulgence.
    (dated) Synonym of chastity (“abstinence from any sexual activity considered immoral”).     Tags: dated, uncountable, usually Synonyms: chastity [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-temperance-en-noun-en:moderate_indulgence1 Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ance, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Gothic translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Ethics Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 7 15 15 12 16 12 13 7 3 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 7 15 15 13 16 13 14 7 2 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 8 8 16 16 16 16 8 3 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ance: 9 14 14 10 13 11 15 10 6 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 4 4 4 23 23 23 11 5 1 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 9 9 15 16 15 19 10 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 7 7 7 17 17 17 18 9 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 7 7 7 16 16 16 19 8 4 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 6 13 13 11 16 11 18 8 2 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 5 14 14 11 17 11 18 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 7 9 9 13 15 13 14 13 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 6 6 6 19 20 19 15 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 6 6 7 16 17 16 17 10 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 7 5 6 18 20 18 15 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 4 9 9 17 18 17 20 5 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 7 7 7 17 17 17 19 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 6 7 7 17 17 17 18 7 4 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 7 7 7 17 18 17 19 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 6 7 7 17 17 17 18 7 4 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 6 6 6 19 20 19 15 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Gothic translations: 7 7 7 16 17 16 18 9 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 6 9 9 15 16 15 16 9 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 6 7 7 17 18 17 17 9 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 5 6 6 18 20 18 14 8 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 7 8 8 16 17 16 15 9 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 6 7 7 16 17 16 17 9 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 7 7 7 14 17 14 15 12 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 6 7 7 16 17 16 16 9 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 6 6 6 17 18 17 17 9 4 Disambiguation of Ethics: 9 13 13 7 12 12 7 14 13
  6. (obsolete, uncountable)
    The action of bringing to a temperate or moderate state.     Tags: obsolete, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-temperance-en-noun-9dTQevFi Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ance, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Gothic translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 7 15 15 12 16 12 13 7 3 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 7 15 15 13 16 13 14 7 2 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 8 8 16 16 16 16 8 3 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ance: 9 14 14 10 13 11 15 10 6 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 4 4 4 23 23 23 11 5 1 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 9 9 15 16 15 19 10 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 7 7 7 17 17 17 18 9 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 7 7 7 16 16 16 19 8 4 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 6 13 13 11 16 11 18 8 2 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 5 14 14 11 17 11 18 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 7 9 9 13 15 13 14 13 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 6 6 6 19 20 19 15 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 6 6 7 16 17 16 17 10 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 7 5 6 18 20 18 15 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 4 9 9 17 18 17 20 5 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 7 7 7 17 17 17 19 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 6 7 7 17 17 17 18 7 4 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 7 7 7 17 18 17 19 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 6 7 7 17 17 17 18 7 4 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 6 6 6 19 20 19 15 6 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Gothic translations: 7 7 7 16 17 16 18 9 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 6 9 9 15 16 15 16 9 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 6 7 7 17 18 17 17 9 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 5 6 6 18 20 18 14 8 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 7 8 8 16 17 16 15 9 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 6 7 7 16 17 16 17 9 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 7 7 7 14 17 14 15 12 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 6 7 7 16 17 16 16 9 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 6 6 6 17 17 17 22 7 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 6 6 6 17 18 17 17 9 4
  7. (obsolete, uncountable)
    Proper moderation between extreme or opposing qualities; (countable) an instance of this.     Tags: obsolete, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-temperance-en-noun-K3-Rqs37 Categories (other): Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Ethics Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 7 9 9 13 15 13 14 13 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 7 7 7 14 17 14 15 12 7 Disambiguation of Ethics: 9 13 13 7 12 12 7 14 13
  8. (obsolete, uncountable)
    Temperature which is neither too cold nor too hot.     Tags: obsolete, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-temperance-en-noun-0aFUBNuq Categories (other): Ethics Disambiguation of Ethics: 9 13 13 7 12 12 7 14 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: American Temperance Society (alt: ATS), antitemperance, Loyal Temperance Legion (alt: LTL), mistemperance [obsolete], Temperance [proper-noun], temperance movement, temperance reading room, Toronto Temperance Society (alt: TTS), untemperance [obsolete], Woman's Christian Temperance Union (alt: WCTU) Related terms: temper, temperament, temperamental, temperature Translations ((habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions): σωφροσύνη (sōphrosúnē) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), умереност (umerenost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), temprança [feminine] (Catalan), střídmost [feminine] (Czech), umírněnost [feminine] (Czech), zdrženlivost [feminine] (Czech), mådehold [neuter] (Danish), matiging [feminine] (Dutch), itsehillintä (Finnish), kohtuus (Finnish), raittius (Finnish), sobriété [feminine] (French), tempero [masculine] (Galician), Mäßigung [feminine] (German), Mäßigkeit im Alkoholgenuss (note: in drinking alcoholic beverages) [feminine] (German), 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gahōbains) [feminine] (Gothic), מתינות (mētìnut) [feminine] (Hebrew), 節制 (sessei) (alt: せっせい) (Japanese), 禁酒 (kinshu) (alt: きんしゅ) (Japanese), temperantia [feminine] (Latin), sōbrietās [feminine] (Latin), hóv [neuter] (Norwegian Bokmål), måtehald [neuter] (Norwegian Bokmål), اعتدال (i’tidâl) (Ottoman Turkish), cumpătare [feminine] (Romanian), sobrietate [feminine] (Romanian), сде́ржанность (sdéržannostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), тре́звенность (trézvennostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), уме́ренность (umérennostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), templanza [feminine] (Spanish), temperancia (Spanish), måttlighet [common-gender] (Swedish) Translations (moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this): сдържаност (sdăržanost) (Bulgarian), умереност (umerenost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), temprança [feminine] (Catalan), 節制 /节制 (jiézhì) (Chinese Mandarin), střídmost [feminine] (Czech), zdrženlivost [feminine] (Czech), mådehold [neuter] (Danish), itsehillintä (Finnish), kohtuullisuus (Finnish), maltti (Finnish), tyyneys (Finnish), tempérance [feminine] (French), sobriété [feminine] (French), temperanza [feminine] (Galician), sobriedade [feminine] (Galician), Temperenz [feminine] (German), Enthaltsamkeit [feminine] (German), Mäßigung [feminine] (German), εγκράτεια (egkráteia) (Greek), התנזרות (hìtnāzrut) [feminine] (Hebrew), איפוק (ipuk) [masculine] (Hebrew), מתינות (mētìnut) [feminine] (Hebrew), measarthacht [feminine] (Irish), temperanza [feminine] (Italian), 節制 (sessei) (alt: せっせい) (Japanese), temperancia (Spanish), templanza [feminine] (Spanish), måttlighet [common-gender] (Swedish)
Disambiguation of '(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions': 2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0 Disambiguation of 'moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this': 42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "ATS",
      "word": "American Temperance Society"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "antitemperance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "LTL",
      "word": "Loyal Temperance Legion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "mistemperance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "proper-noun"
      ],
      "word": "Temperance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "temperance movement"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "temperance reading room"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "TTS",
      "word": "Toronto Temperance Society"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "untemperance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "WCTU",
      "word": "Woman's Christian Temperance Union"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*temp-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-"
    ],
    [
      "*temh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*tempos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/tempos"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "temperō",
      "tempero#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperans",
      "temperans#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperantia",
      "temperantia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "temperantia",
      "temperantia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperantem",
      "temperantem#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ia",
      "-ia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperāns",
      "temperans#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperō",
      "tempero#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*temh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*temp-, *ten-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temp-"
    ],
    [
      "temper",
      "temper#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ance",
      "-ance#English"
    ],
    [
      "ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ",
      "ἐγκράτεια#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>",
        "id": "moderation",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*temp-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ten-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*temh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*tempos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperans\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperantia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"temperaunce\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"temperaunce\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"temperance\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"moderation\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"temperance\" id=\"English:_moderation\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "temperaunce",
        "t": "forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc."
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "temperaunce"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman temperaunce",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "temperantia",
        "t": "moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "abstract noun"
      },
      "expansion": "abstract noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "accusative"
      },
      "expansion": "accusative",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "singular"
      },
      "expansion": "singular",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*temh₁-",
        "t": "to cut"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "temper",
        "3": "-ance",
        "pos1": "v",
        "pos2": "suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states)",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "moderate indulgence",
        "t": "moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions"
      },
      "expansion": "noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”)",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ",
        "t": "mastery; self-control"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>",
        "id": "moderation",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance\nThe noun is derived from Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”), from Anglo-Norman temperaunce, from Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”), from temperantem + -ia (suffix forming abstract nouns). Temperantem is the accusative singular form of temperāns (“restrained, self-controlled”), the present participle of temperō (“to moderate, temper; to be moderate or temperate; to govern, manage; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”) or *temp-, *ten- (“to extend, stretch”). By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states).\nAs regards noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”), in Biblical texts the word is generally used to translate Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”).\nThe adjective is derived from the noun.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "temperances",
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          "text": "[A]s to be gouerned by a maieſtrate flowing in ſcience ⁊ knowledge, ⁊ fayling of nobleneſſe, is both miſerable ⁊ troubleſome: ſo, it cannot but be intollerable to liue under yͤ controulment of him, to whom fortune hath geuen greatnes of place ⁊ birth, ⁊ grace ⁊ nature denied diſcreſſion ⁊ other temperances of yͤ ſpirit, […]",
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          "text": "[I]n the verie torrent[,] tempeſt, and as I may ſay, vvhirlvvind of your paſſion, you muſt acquire and beget a temperance, that may giue it ſmoothneſſe, […]",
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          "text": "And as he [Paul the Apostle] preached of Juſtice⸝ temperaunce⸝ and Judgement to come⸝ Felix trembled⸝ and anſwered: thou haſt done ynough att this tyme⸝ I will ſẽde for the [send for thee].",
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          "text": "But the frute of the ſprete [spirit], is loue, ioye, peace, longe ſufferinge, gẽtlenes [gentleness], goodneſſe, faithfulnes, mekeneſſe, tẽperaunce [temperaunce], Agaynſt ſoch is not yͤ lawe: […]",
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          "text": "VVhen it [virtue] ruleth and ordereth our luſt or concupiſcence, limiting out a certaine meaſure, and lavvfull proportion of time unto pleaſures, it is called Temperance: […]",
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          "text": "Let vs imitate the feaſts and meetings of holy Chriſtians in former ages: VVho did begin their Feaſtes vvith Prayers; continue them vvith Temperance, and Sobrietie; eating no more then vvould ſuffice their hunger; drinking no more then vvould quench and ſatisfie their thirſt: […]",
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          "text": "This conſtant Plenty did but keep them to / Their Temperances daily Exerciſe; […]",
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          "text": "Temperance is an apt moderation of deſires and appetites; vvhen vve call Temperance a moderation and obedience, vve mean only this, that it is a faculty cauſing all appetites to be ſubjected unto it, in decent order, and ſubmiſſe obedience to be commanded by nature.",
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          "text": "The tender-looking Charity, intent / On gentle Deeds, and ſhedding Tears thro' Smiles; / Undaunted Truth, and Dignity of Mind; / Courage compos'd, and keen, ſound Temperance, / Healthful in Heart and Look: […]",
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          "text": "On these occasions I have noticed such a dreamy, vacant expression in his eyes, that I might have suspected him of being addicted to the use of some narcotic, had not the temperance and cleanliness of his whole life forbidden such a notion.",
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          "ref": "2007, Susan Wise Bauer, “The Problem of Succession”, in The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome, New York, N.Y.; London: W[illiam] W[arder] Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 729:",
          "text": "But there was no one to shake Nero into temperance. He had affairs, drank tremendously, raised taxes in the provinces to pay for his indulgences, and started once again to hold the infamous treason trials as Caligula had done.",
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          "text": "So having furniſhed our ſelves vvith neceſſary materials, and agreed upon ſome particular Rules, eſpecially of Temperance and Sobriety, by reaſon of the length of our intended Voyage, vve all vvent on board our Ship.",
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          "text": "Another error, as it seems to me, into which the old reformers fell, was the position that all habitual drunkards were utterly incorrigible, and therefore must be turned adrift and damned without remedy in order that the grace of temperance might abound, to the temperate then, and to all mankind some hundreds of years thereafter.",
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          "text": "So now the frauds reckoned they was out of danger, and they begun to work the villages again. First they done a lecture on temperance; but they didn't make enough for them both to get drunk on.",
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          "text": "Spare me the customary sermon, mother. […] It will end by my going straight to my dressing-room after hunting, where I can enjoy a stiff glass of grog with my feet on the hobs, and with nobody to preach temperance.",
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          "code": "cmn",
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          "roman": "jièjiǔ",
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          "word": "戒酒"
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        }
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          "sexual#Adjective"
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          "consider"
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        {
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        {
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          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
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        {
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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          "ref": "1531, Thomas Elyot, “What is the True Signification of Vnderstandynge”, in The Boke Named the Governour […], London: […] Tho[mas] Bertheleti, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folio 242, verso:",
          "text": "[H]e [Marcus Aurelius] addyng to abundaunce of lernyng became therby a wonderfull and perfecte prince: beynge neyther by ſtudy withdrawen from affaires of the publike weale: nor by any buſynes⸝ vtterly pluckyd frome Philoſophy⸝ and other noble doctrynes⸝ by the whiche mutuall coniunction and iuſt temperaunce of thoſe two ſtudyes⸝ be attayned to ſuche a fourme in all his gouernaunce⸝ that he was named and taken for father of the Senate: of the people: and vniuerſally of all the hole empyre.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The action of bringing to a temperate or moderate state."
      ],
      "id": "en-temperance-en-noun-9dTQevFi",
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        [
          "bringing",
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          "temperate",
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        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, uncountable)",
        "The action of bringing to a temperate or moderate state."
      ],
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        "obsolete",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
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          "word": "intemperance"
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      ],
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          "_dis": "9 13 13 7 12 12 7 14 13",
          "kind": "other",
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          "text": "[L]ette theym take the counſayle of an honeſt and perfyte phiſytion, and no aduenture to myxte thynges togyther, without knowynge the temperaunce of them in degrees, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              140,
              150
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1595, Ed. Spencer [i.e., Edmund Spenser], Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, signature [C4], recto:",
          "text": "But ſvveet Charillis is the Paragone / Of peerleſſe price, and ornament of praiſe, / Admyr'd of all, yet enuied of none, / Through the myld temperance of her goodly raies.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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              166
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          ],
          "ref": "1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner]; Edward Topsell, “Of the Mantichora”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 443:",
          "text": "The marrovv vvhich proceedeth from the Chine-bone of an Hyæna, being mixed vvith his gall and old Oyle together, and ſo boiled vntill they come vnto a ſoft temperance, and mollifying medicine, being annointed vpon the ſinnevvs, doth expell and force avvay all paine of griefe thereof vvhatſoeuer.",
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        {
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          ],
          "ref": "1880 October, [Sidney Lanier], “The New South”, in J[osiah] G[ilbert] Holland, editor, Scribner’s Monthly, an Illustrated Magazine for the People, volume XX, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Scribner & Co., […], →OCLC, page 851, column 1:",
          "text": "Surely, along that ample stretch of generous soil, where the Appalachian ruggednesses calm themselves into pleasant hills before dying quite away into the sea-board levels, a man can find such temperances of heaven and earth—enough of struggle with nature to draw out manhood, with enough of bounty to sanction the struggle—that a more exquisite co-adaptation of all blessed circumstances for man's life need not be sought.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
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        "Proper moderation between extreme or opposing qualities; (countable) an instance of this."
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          "extreme#Adjective"
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          "opposing#Adjective"
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        "(obsolete, uncountable)",
        "Proper moderation between extreme or opposing qualities; (countable) an instance of this."
      ],
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        "obsolete",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
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          "text": "[T]his Iſland ſeeme to be deſert. […] It muſt needs be of ſubtle, tender, and delicate temperance.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Temperature which is neither too cold nor too hot."
      ],
      "id": "en-temperance-en-noun-0aFUBNuq",
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        [
          "Temperature",
          "temperature"
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          "cold",
          "cold#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "hot",
          "hot#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
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        "(obsolete, uncountable)",
        "Temperature which is neither too cold nor too hot."
      ],
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        "obsolete",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɛmp(ə)ɹ(ə)n(t)s/"
    },
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      "text": "-"
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  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "sdăržanost",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "сдържаност"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "umerenost",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "умереност"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "temprança"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "jiézhì",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "節制 /节制"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "střídmost"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "zdrženlivost"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "mådehold"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "itsehillintä"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "kohtuullisuus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "maltti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "tyyneys"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tempérance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sobriété"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "temperanza"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sobriedade"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Temperenz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Enthaltsamkeit"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Mäßigung"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "egkráteia",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "εγκράτεια"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "hìtnāzrut",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "התנזרות"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "ipuk",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "איפוק"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "mētìnut",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "מתינות"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "measarthacht"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "temperanza"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "alt": "せっせい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "sessei",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "節制"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "temperancia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "templanza"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "42 42 3 3 3 2 5 1",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "måttlighet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "umerenost",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "умереност"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "temprança"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "střídmost"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "umírněnost"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "zdrženlivost"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "mådehold"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "matiging"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "itsehillintä"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "kohtuus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "raittius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sobriété"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tempero"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Mäßigung"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "note": "in drinking alcoholic beverages",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Mäßigkeit im Alkoholgenuss"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "lang_code": "got",
      "roman": "gahōbains",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "lang_code": "grc",
      "roman": "sōphrosúnē",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "σωφροσύνη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "mētìnut",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "מתינות"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "alt": "せっせい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "sessei",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "節制"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "alt": "きんしゅ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "kinshu",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "禁酒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "temperantia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sōbrietās"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "hóv"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "måtehald"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cumpătare"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sobrietate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "sdéržannostʹ",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сде́ржанность"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "trézvennostʹ",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тре́звенность"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "umérennostʹ",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "уме́ренность"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "templanza"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "temperancia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "måttlighet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "2 2 31 31 31 1 1 0",
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "i’tidâl",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "اعتدال"
    }
  ],
  "word": "temperance"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*temp-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-"
    ],
    [
      "*temh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*tempos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/tempos"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "temperō",
      "tempero#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperans",
      "temperans#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperantia",
      "temperantia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "temperantia",
      "temperantia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperantem",
      "temperantem#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ia",
      "-ia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperāns",
      "temperans#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperō",
      "tempero#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*temh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*temp-, *ten-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temp-"
    ],
    [
      "temper",
      "temper#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ance",
      "-ance#English"
    ],
    [
      "ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ",
      "ἐγκράτεια#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>",
        "id": "moderation",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*temp-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ten-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*temh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*tempos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperans\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperantia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"temperaunce\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"temperaunce\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"temperance\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"moderation\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"temperance\" id=\"English:_moderation\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "temperaunce",
        "t": "forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc."
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "temperaunce"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman temperaunce",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "temperantia",
        "t": "moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "abstract noun"
      },
      "expansion": "abstract noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "accusative"
      },
      "expansion": "accusative",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "singular"
      },
      "expansion": "singular",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*temh₁-",
        "t": "to cut"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "temper",
        "3": "-ance",
        "pos1": "v",
        "pos2": "suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states)",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "moderate indulgence",
        "t": "moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions"
      },
      "expansion": "noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”)",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ",
        "t": "mastery; self-control"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>",
        "id": "moderation",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance\nThe noun is derived from Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”), from Anglo-Norman temperaunce, from Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”), from temperantem + -ia (suffix forming abstract nouns). Temperantem is the accusative singular form of temperāns (“restrained, self-controlled”), the present participle of temperō (“to moderate, temper; to be moderate or temperate; to govern, manage; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”) or *temp-, *ten- (“to extend, stretch”). By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states).\nAs regards noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”), in Biblical texts the word is generally used to translate Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”).\nThe adjective is derived from the noun.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "temperance (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "temp",
        "er",
        "ance"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              85,
              95
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1906 August 28, John Masefield, “The Rest-house on the Hill”, in A Tarpaulin Muster, London: E[lisina] Grant Richards, published 1907, →OCLC, page 138:",
          "text": "[…] I wouldn't have any of the whisky, and they were angry with me at that. 'They're temperance down at the Point in these times,' they said, and then they all laughed; and that was wonderful too, their knowing about the Point.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Advocating or practising complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages."
      ],
      "id": "en-temperance-en-adj-RuY1dwXD",
      "links": [
        [
          "Advocating",
          "advocate#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "practising",
          "practise#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "complete",
          "complete#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "abstinence",
          "abstinence"
        ],
        [
          "alcoholic",
          "alcoholic#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "beverage",
          "beverage"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "advocating or practising complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages",
          "word": "raittiusmielinen"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɛmp(ə)ɹ(ə)n(t)s/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-temperance.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-temperance.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/En-us-temperance.ogg/En-us-temperance.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/En-us-temperance.ogg",
      "text": "-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "temperance"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temh₁-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -ance",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Gothic translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "en:Ethics"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "alt": "ATS",
      "word": "American Temperance Society"
    },
    {
      "word": "antitemperance"
    },
    {
      "alt": "LTL",
      "word": "Loyal Temperance Legion"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "mistemperance"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "proper-noun"
      ],
      "word": "Temperance"
    },
    {
      "word": "temperance movement"
    },
    {
      "word": "temperance reading room"
    },
    {
      "alt": "TTS",
      "word": "Toronto Temperance Society"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "untemperance"
    },
    {
      "alt": "WCTU",
      "word": "Woman's Christian Temperance Union"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*temp-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-"
    ],
    [
      "*temh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*tempos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/tempos"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "temperō",
      "tempero#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperans",
      "temperans#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperantia",
      "temperantia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "temperantia",
      "temperantia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperantem",
      "temperantem#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ia",
      "-ia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperāns",
      "temperans#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperō",
      "tempero#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*temh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*temp-, *ten-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temp-"
    ],
    [
      "temper",
      "temper#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ance",
      "-ance#English"
    ],
    [
      "ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ",
      "ἐγκράτεια#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>",
        "id": "moderation",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*temp-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ten-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*temh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*tempos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperans\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperantia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"temperaunce\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"temperaunce\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"temperance\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"moderation\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"temperance\" id=\"English:_moderation\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "temperaunce",
        "t": "forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc."
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "temperaunce"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman temperaunce",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "temperantia",
        "t": "moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "abstract noun"
      },
      "expansion": "abstract noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "accusative"
      },
      "expansion": "accusative",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "singular"
      },
      "expansion": "singular",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*temh₁-",
        "t": "to cut"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "temper",
        "3": "-ance",
        "pos1": "v",
        "pos2": "suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states)",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "moderate indulgence",
        "t": "moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions"
      },
      "expansion": "noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”)",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ",
        "t": "mastery; self-control"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>",
        "id": "moderation",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance\nThe noun is derived from Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”), from Anglo-Norman temperaunce, from Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”), from temperantem + -ia (suffix forming abstract nouns). Temperantem is the accusative singular form of temperāns (“restrained, self-controlled”), the present participle of temperō (“to moderate, temper; to be moderate or temperate; to govern, manage; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”) or *temp-, *ten- (“to extend, stretch”). By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states).\nAs regards noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”), in Biblical texts the word is generally used to translate Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”).\nThe adjective is derived from the noun.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "temperances",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "temperaunce",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "temperance (usually uncountable, plural temperances)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "temp",
        "er",
        "ance"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "temper"
    },
    {
      "word": "temperament"
    },
    {
      "word": "temperamental"
    },
    {
      "word": "temperature"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "antiprohibitionist"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "blind pig"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "blind tiger"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "bootlegger"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "bootlegging"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "dry"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "the dries"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "prohibitionary"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "prohibitionist"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "prohibition"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "Prohibition"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "speakeasy"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "wet"
    },
    {
      "sense": "terms associated with teetotalism",
      "word": "the wets"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "intemperance"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              296,
              307
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1575, Geffray Fenton [i.e., Geoffrey Fenton], “To Don Fardinando de Toledo, to whom ar Expounded Two Authorities of the Scripture, and the Custome of the Egiptians in the Death of Their Frendes”, in Golden Epistles, Contayning Varietie of Discourse both Morall, Philosophicall, and Diuine: […], London: […] Henry Middleton, for Rafe Newbury, […], →OCLC, folio 18, verso:",
          "text": "[A]s to be gouerned by a maieſtrate flowing in ſcience ⁊ knowledge, ⁊ fayling of nobleneſſe, is both miſerable ⁊ troubleſome: ſo, it cannot but be intollerable to liue under yͤ controulment of him, to whom fortune hath geuen greatnes of place ⁊ birth, ⁊ grace ⁊ nature denied diſcreſſion ⁊ other temperances of yͤ ſpirit, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], signature G3, verso:",
          "text": "[I]n the verie torrent[,] tempeſt, and as I may ſay, vvhirlvvind of your paſſion, you muſt acquire and beget a temperance, that may giue it ſmoothneſſe, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "1781, Edward Gibbon, chapter XXVII, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume III, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 9:",
          "text": "[T]he choice of a venerable old man, for an office vvhich vvas uſually exerciſed by eunuchs, announced to the court of Conſtantinople the gravity and temperance of the Britiſh uſurper.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "2020 June 11, Lola Okolosie, “This bungled schools coronavirus policy hurts children, parents and teachers”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 12 Aug 2023:",
          "text": "What was the government doing keeping schools open when our closest neighbours – Ireland, France, Germany, Spain and Italy – had already closed theirs? […] Those who were being charitable asked for temperance. Our government surely had a credible plan? Somewhere. Right?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; calmness; (countable) an instance of this."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Moderation",
          "moderation"
        ],
        [
          "self-control",
          "self-control"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "control",
          "control#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "desire",
          "desire#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "emotionally",
          "emotionally"
        ],
        [
          "calmness",
          "calmness"
        ],
        [
          "instance",
          "instance#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable)",
        "Moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; calmness; (countable) an instance of this."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "patience"
        },
        {
          "word": "sedateness"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "intemperance"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English dated terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
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          "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 34, page 114:",
          "text": "He gheſt his nature by his countenance, / And calmd his vvrath vvith goodly temperance.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "1849 June 20 (first performance), [John] Westland Marston, “Strathmore”, in The Dramatic and Poetical Works of Westland Marston. […], collective edition, volume I, London: Chatto and Windus, […], published 1876, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 10:",
          "text": "Enough, you stand a traitor by my hearth, / And yet I draw not! Sir, I cannot pledge / This temperance long; the path of safety's there.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; calmness; (countable) an instance of this.",
        "Restraint or self-control when made angry or frustrated; forbearance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Moderation",
          "moderation"
        ],
        [
          "self-control",
          "self-control"
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        [
          "action",
          "action#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "control",
          "control#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "desire",
          "desire#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "emotionally",
          "emotionally"
        ],
        [
          "calmness",
          "calmness"
        ],
        [
          "instance",
          "instance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "Restraint",
          "restraint"
        ],
        [
          "made",
          "make#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "angry",
          "angry"
        ],
        [
          "frustrated",
          "frustrated#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "forbearance",
          "forbearance"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable)",
        "Moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; calmness; (countable) an instance of this.",
        "(dated) Restraint or self-control when made angry or frustrated; forbearance."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "patience"
        },
        {
          "word": "sedateness"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "intemperance"
        },
        {
          "word": "gluttony"
        },
        {
          "word": "overindulgence"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
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          "text": "temperance in eating and drinking",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
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          "text": "temperance in the indulgence of joy",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
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          ],
          "ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, The Actes off the Apostles xxiiij:[55], folio cxcij, recto:",
          "text": "And as he [Paul the Apostle] preached of Juſtice⸝ temperaunce⸝ and Judgement to come⸝ Felix trembled⸝ and anſwered: thou haſt done ynough att this tyme⸝ I will ſẽde for the [send for thee].",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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          ],
          "ref": "1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Galathians v:[22–23], folio lxxxiij, verso, column 1:",
          "text": "But the frute of the ſprete [spirit], is loue, ioye, peace, longe ſufferinge, gẽtlenes [gentleness], goodneſſe, faithfulnes, mekeneſſe, tẽperaunce [temperaunce], Agaynſt ſoch is not yͤ lawe: […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1603, Plutarch, “Of Morall Vertve”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Philosophie, Commonlie Called, The Morals […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield, →OCLC, page 65:",
          "text": "VVhen it [virtue] ruleth and ordereth our luſt or concupiſcence, limiting out a certaine meaſure, and lavvfull proportion of time unto pleaſures, it is called Temperance: […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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          ],
          "ref": "1628, William Prynne, Healthes: Sicknesse. Or, A Compendiovs and Briefe Discourse; Prouing, the Drinking, and Pledging of Healthes, to be Sinfull, and Vtterly Vnlawfull vnto Christians; […], London: […] [Augustine Matthews], →OCLC, page 22:",
          "text": "Let vs imitate the feaſts and meetings of holy Chriſtians in former ages: VVho did begin their Feaſtes vvith Prayers; continue them vvith Temperance, and Sobrietie; eating no more then vvould ſuffice their hunger; drinking no more then vvould quench and ſatisfie their thirſt: […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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          ],
          "ref": "1648, Joseph Beaumont, “Canto XVII. The Mortification. Stanza 144.”, in Psyche: Or Loves Mysterie, […], London: […] John Dawson for George Boddington, […], →OCLC, page 325, column 2:",
          "text": "This conſtant Plenty did but keep them to / Their Temperances daily Exerciſe; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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              73,
              83
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          ],
          "ref": "1656, Tho[mas] Stanley, “[The Doctrine of Plato Delivered by Alcinous.] Chap[ter] XXVIII. The Definition and Kinds of Virtue.”, in The History of Philosophy, the Second Volume, volume II, London: […] Humphrey Moseley, and Thomas Dring: […], →OCLC, page 86:",
          "text": "Temperance is an apt moderation of deſires and appetites; vvhen vve call Temperance a moderation and obedience, vve mean only this, that it is a faculty cauſing all appetites to be ſubjected unto it, in decent order, and ſubmiſſe obedience to be commanded by nature.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
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            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1727, James Thomson, Summer. A Poem, […] J[ohn] Millan, […], →OCLC, pages 50–51:",
          "text": "The tender-looking Charity, intent / On gentle Deeds, and ſhedding Tears thro' Smiles; / Undaunted Truth, and Dignity of Mind; / Courage compos'd, and keen, ſound Temperance, / Healthful in Heart and Look: […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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          ],
          "ref": "1887, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “A Study in Scarlet”, in Beeton’s Christmas Annual, London; New York, N.Y.: Ward, Lock & Co., part I (Being a reprint from the reminiscences of John H. Watson, M.D., […]), chapter II (The Science of Deduction), page 8:",
          "text": "On these occasions I have noticed such a dreamy, vacant expression in his eyes, that I might have suspected him of being addicted to the use of some narcotic, had not the temperance and cleanliness of his whole life forbidden such a notion.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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          ],
          "ref": "2007, Susan Wise Bauer, “The Problem of Succession”, in The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome, New York, N.Y.; London: W[illiam] W[arder] Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 729:",
          "text": "But there was no one to shake Nero into temperance. He had affairs, drank tremendously, raised taxes in the provinces to pay for his indulgences, and started once again to hold the infamous treason trials as Caligula had done.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions; moderate or restrained indulgence."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Habitual",
          "habitual#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "in regard to",
          "in regard to"
        ],
        [
          "indulgence",
          "indulgence"
        ],
        [
          "natural",
          "natural#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "appetite",
          "appetite"
        ],
        [
          "passions",
          "passion#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "restrained",
          "restrained#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Habitual",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable)",
        "(Habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions; moderate or restrained indulgence."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:moderate indulgence"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "intemperance"
        },
        {
          "word": "gluttony"
        },
        {
          "word": "overindulgence"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
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          "ref": "1697, William Dampier, chapter IV, in A New Voyage Round the World. […], London: […] James Knapton, […], →OCLC, page 69:",
          "text": "So having furniſhed our ſelves vvith neceſſary materials, and agreed upon ſome particular Rules, eſpecially of Temperance and Sobriety, by reaſon of the length of our intended Voyage, vve all vvent on board our Ship.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
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          ],
          "ref": "1842 February 22 (date delivered), Abraham Lincoln, An Address Delivered before the Springfield Washingtonian Temperance Society, at the Second Presbyterian Church, on the 22d Day of February, 1842, Springfield, Ill.: […] Springfield Reform Club, published 1882, →OCLC, page 6:",
          "text": "Another error, as it seems to me, into which the old reformers fell, was the position that all habitual drunkards were utterly incorrigible, and therefore must be turned adrift and damned without remedy in order that the grace of temperance might abound, to the temperate then, and to all mankind some hundreds of years thereafter.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              123,
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          ],
          "ref": "1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XXXI, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 314:",
          "text": "So now the frauds reckoned they was out of danger, and they begun to work the villages again. First they done a lecture on temperance; but they didn't make enough for them both to get drunk on.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "[1887], [Mary Elizabeth Braddon], “Contrasts”, in Like and Unlike […], volume I, London: Spencer Blackett (successor to J[ohn] & R[obert] Maxwell) […], →OCLC, page 26:",
          "text": "Spare me the customary sermon, mother. […] It will end by my going straight to my dressing-room after hunting, where I can enjoy a stiff glass of grog with my feet on the hobs, and with nobody to preach temperance.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "1890, Walter Besant, “Of the Voyage”, in The Demoniac […], New York, N.Y.: F[rank] M[oore] Lupton, […], published 1890?, →OCLC, page 46:",
          "text": "But mind, captain and crew must all be temperance men; there is not to be one single drop of drink—mind—not one single drop of drink put on board on any pretext whatever. You yourself have got to be a total abstainer for the whole voyage.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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          ],
          "ref": "1908–1910 (date written; published 1910 October 18), E[dward] M[organ] Forster, “Christmas Shopping”, in Howards End, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.; London: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons […], published 1910, →OCLC, page 97:",
          "text": "Public-houses, besides their usual exhortation against temperance reform, invited men to \"Join our Christmas goose club\"—one bottle of gin, etc., or two, according to subscription.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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          "ref": "1986, Mary Beth Norton; David M. Katzman; Paul D. Escott; Howard P. Chudacoff; Thomas G. Paterson; William M. Tuttle, Jr., “Reform, Politics, and Expansion, 1824–1844”, in A People and a Nation: A History of the United States, 2nd edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 326, column 2:",
          "text": "Evangelists organized an association for each issue—temperance, education, Sabbath observance, antidueling, and later antislavery; collectively these groups formed a national web of benevolent and moral reform societies.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions; moderate or restrained indulgence.",
        "Moderation in the use of intoxicating substances; sobriety; specifically, complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages; teetotalism."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Habitual",
          "habitual#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "in regard to",
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        [
          "indulgence",
          "indulgence"
        ],
        [
          "natural",
          "natural#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "appetite",
          "appetite"
        ],
        [
          "passions",
          "passion#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "restrained",
          "restrained#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "intoxicating",
          "intoxicating#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "substances",
          "substance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "sobriety",
          "sobriety"
        ],
        [
          "complete",
          "complete#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "abstinence",
          "abstinence"
        ],
        [
          "alcoholic",
          "alcoholic#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "beverage",
          "beverage"
        ],
        [
          "teetotalism",
          "teetotalism"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Habitual",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable)",
        "(Habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions; moderate or restrained indulgence.",
        "Moderation in the use of intoxicating substances; sobriety; specifically, complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages; teetotalism."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:moderate indulgence"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "intemperance"
        },
        {
          "word": "gluttony"
        },
        {
          "word": "overindulgence"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions; moderate or restrained indulgence.",
        "Synonym of chastity (“abstinence from any sexual activity considered immoral”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Habitual",
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        ],
        [
          "in regard to",
          "in regard to"
        ],
        [
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          "indulgence"
        ],
        [
          "natural",
          "natural#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "appetite",
          "appetite"
        ],
        [
          "passions",
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        ],
        [
          "restrained",
          "restrained#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "chastity",
          "chastity#English"
        ],
        [
          "sexual",
          "sexual#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "consider",
          "consider"
        ],
        [
          "immoral",
          "immoral"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Habitual",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable)",
        "(Habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions; moderate or restrained indulgence.",
        "(dated) Synonym of chastity (“abstinence from any sexual activity considered immoral”)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:moderate indulgence"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "abstinence from any sexual activity considered immoral",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "chastity"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "intemperance"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
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        {
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          "ref": "1531, Thomas Elyot, “What is the True Signification of Vnderstandynge”, in The Boke Named the Governour […], London: […] Tho[mas] Bertheleti, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folio 242, verso:",
          "text": "[H]e [Marcus Aurelius] addyng to abundaunce of lernyng became therby a wonderfull and perfecte prince: beynge neyther by ſtudy withdrawen from affaires of the publike weale: nor by any buſynes⸝ vtterly pluckyd frome Philoſophy⸝ and other noble doctrynes⸝ by the whiche mutuall coniunction and iuſt temperaunce of thoſe two ſtudyes⸝ be attayned to ſuche a fourme in all his gouernaunce⸝ that he was named and taken for father of the Senate: of the people: and vniuerſally of all the hole empyre.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The action of bringing to a temperate or moderate state."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bringing",
          "bring#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "temperate",
          "temperate#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "moderate",
          "moderate#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, uncountable)",
        "The action of bringing to a temperate or moderate state."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "intemperance"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
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          ],
          "ref": "153[9], Thomas Elyot, “The Particular Commodities of Euery Purgacion”, in The Castel of Helth […], London: […] Thomæ Bertheleti […], →OCLC, book III, folio 60, verso:",
          "text": "[L]ette theym take the counſayle of an honeſt and perfyte phiſytion, and no aduenture to myxte thynges togyther, without knowynge the temperaunce of them in degrees, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              140,
              150
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1595, Ed. Spencer [i.e., Edmund Spenser], Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, signature [C4], recto:",
          "text": "But ſvveet Charillis is the Paragone / Of peerleſſe price, and ornament of praiſe, / Admyr'd of all, yet enuied of none, / Through the myld temperance of her goodly raies.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              156,
              166
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner]; Edward Topsell, “Of the Mantichora”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 443:",
          "text": "The marrovv vvhich proceedeth from the Chine-bone of an Hyæna, being mixed vvith his gall and old Oyle together, and ſo boiled vntill they come vnto a ſoft temperance, and mollifying medicine, being annointed vpon the ſinnevvs, doth expell and force avvay all paine of griefe thereof vvhatſoeuer.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              193,
              204
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1880 October, [Sidney Lanier], “The New South”, in J[osiah] G[ilbert] Holland, editor, Scribner’s Monthly, an Illustrated Magazine for the People, volume XX, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Scribner & Co., […], →OCLC, page 851, column 1:",
          "text": "Surely, along that ample stretch of generous soil, where the Appalachian ruggednesses calm themselves into pleasant hills before dying quite away into the sea-board levels, a man can find such temperances of heaven and earth—enough of struggle with nature to draw out manhood, with enough of bounty to sanction the struggle—that a more exquisite co-adaptation of all blessed circumstances for man's life need not be sought.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Proper moderation between extreme or opposing qualities; (countable) an instance of this."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Proper",
          "proper#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "extreme",
          "extreme#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "opposing",
          "opposing#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "qualities",
          "quality#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, uncountable)",
        "Proper moderation between extreme or opposing qualities; (countable) an instance of this."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "intemperance"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              87,
              97
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 6, column 2:",
          "text": "[T]his Iſland ſeeme to be deſert. […] It muſt needs be of ſubtle, tender, and delicate temperance.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Temperature which is neither too cold nor too hot."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Temperature",
          "temperature"
        ],
        [
          "cold",
          "cold#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "hot",
          "hot#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, uncountable)",
        "Temperature which is neither too cold nor too hot."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɛmp(ə)ɹ(ə)n(t)s/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-temperance.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-temperance.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/En-us-temperance.ogg/En-us-temperance.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/En-us-temperance.ogg",
      "text": "-"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "sdăržanost",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "сдържаност"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "umerenost",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "умереност"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "temprança"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "jiézhì",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "節制 /节制"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "střídmost"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "zdrženlivost"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "mådehold"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "itsehillintä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "kohtuullisuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "maltti"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "tyyneys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tempérance"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sobriété"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "temperanza"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sobriedade"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Temperenz"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Enthaltsamkeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Mäßigung"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "egkráteia",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "εγκράτεια"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "hìtnāzrut",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "התנזרות"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "ipuk",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "איפוק"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "mētìnut",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "מתינות"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "measarthacht"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "temperanza"
    },
    {
      "alt": "せっせい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "sessei",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "節制"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "word": "temperancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "templanza"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "moderation or self-control in any action; control of the desire to act emotionally; an instance of this",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "måttlighet"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "umerenost",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "умереност"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "temprança"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "střídmost"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "umírněnost"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "zdrženlivost"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "mådehold"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "matiging"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "itsehillintä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "kohtuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "raittius"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sobriété"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tempero"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Mäßigung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "note": "in drinking alcoholic beverages",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Mäßigkeit im Alkoholgenuss"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "lang_code": "got",
      "roman": "gahōbains",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍉𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "lang_code": "grc",
      "roman": "sōphrosúnē",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "σωφροσύνη"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "lang_code": "he",
      "roman": "mētìnut",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "מתינות"
    },
    {
      "alt": "せっせい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "sessei",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "節制"
    },
    {
      "alt": "きんしゅ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "kinshu",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "禁酒"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "temperantia"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sōbrietās"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "hóv"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "måtehald"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cumpătare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sobrietate"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "sdéržannostʹ",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сде́ржанность"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "trézvennostʹ",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тре́звенность"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "umérennostʹ",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "уме́ренность"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "templanza"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "temperancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "måttlighet"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "i’tidâl",
      "sense": "(habitual) moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions",
      "word": "اعتدال"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "jièjiǔ",
      "sense": "complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages — see also teetotalism",
      "word": "戒酒"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages — see also teetotalism",
      "word": "täysraittius"
    }
  ],
  "word": "temperance"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temh₁-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -ance",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Gothic translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "en:Ethics"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*temp-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-"
    ],
    [
      "*temh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*tempos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/tempos"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "temperō",
      "tempero#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperans",
      "temperans#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperantia",
      "temperantia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "temperaunce",
      "temperaunce#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "temperantia",
      "temperantia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperantem",
      "temperantem#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ia",
      "-ia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperāns",
      "temperans#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "temperō",
      "tempero#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*temh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*temp-, *ten-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/temp-"
    ],
    [
      "temper",
      "temper#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ance",
      "-ance#English"
    ],
    [
      "ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ",
      "ἐγκράτεια#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>",
        "id": "moderation",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*temp-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ten-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*temh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*tempos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperans\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"temperantia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"temperaunce\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"temperaunce\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"temperance\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"moderation\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"temperance\" id=\"English:_moderation\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "temperaunce",
        "t": "forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc."
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "temperaunce"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman temperaunce",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "temperantia",
        "t": "moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "abstract noun"
      },
      "expansion": "abstract noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "accusative"
      },
      "expansion": "accusative",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "singular"
      },
      "expansion": "singular",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*temh₁-",
        "t": "to cut"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "temper",
        "3": "-ance",
        "pos1": "v",
        "pos2": "suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states)",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "moderate indulgence",
        "t": "moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions"
      },
      "expansion": "noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”)",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ",
        "t": "mastery; self-control"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:temperaunce<ety:der<xno:temperaunce<ety:der<la:temperantia>>>>",
        "id": "moderation",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temp-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?\nProto-Italic *tempos\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin temperō\nLatin temperans\nLatin temperantiader.\nAnglo-Norman temperaunceder.\nMiddle English temperaunce\nEnglish temperance\nThe noun is derived from Middle English temperaunce (“forbearance, restraint; moderation, temperateness; gentleness, modesty; action of achieving a compromise between two extremes; etc.”), from Anglo-Norman temperaunce, from Latin temperantia (“moderation, self-control, sobriety, temperance”), from temperantem + -ia (suffix forming abstract nouns). Temperantem is the accusative singular form of temperāns (“restrained, self-controlled”), the present participle of temperō (“to moderate, temper; to be moderate or temperate; to govern, manage; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”) or *temp-, *ten- (“to extend, stretch”). By surface analysis, temper (verb) + -ance (suffix forming nouns indicating conditions or states).\nAs regards noun sense 1.2 (“moderation in regard to the indulgence of natural appetites and passions”), in Biblical texts the word is generally used to translate Ancient Greek ἐγκρᾰ́τειᾰ (enkrắteiă, “mastery; self-control”).\nThe adjective is derived from the noun.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "temperance (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "temp",
        "er",
        "ance"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              85,
              95
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1906 August 28, John Masefield, “The Rest-house on the Hill”, in A Tarpaulin Muster, London: E[lisina] Grant Richards, published 1907, →OCLC, page 138:",
          "text": "[…] I wouldn't have any of the whisky, and they were angry with me at that. 'They're temperance down at the Point in these times,' they said, and then they all laughed; and that was wonderful too, their knowing about the Point.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Advocating or practising complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Advocating",
          "advocate#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "practising",
          "practise#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "complete",
          "complete#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "abstinence",
          "abstinence"
        ],
        [
          "alcoholic",
          "alcoholic#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "beverage",
          "beverage"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɛmp(ə)ɹ(ə)n(t)s/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-temperance.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-temperance.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-temperance.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/En-us-temperance.ogg/En-us-temperance.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/En-us-temperance.ogg",
      "text": "-"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "advocating or practising complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages",
      "word": "raittiusmielinen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "temperance"
}

Download raw JSONL data for temperance meaning in All languages combined (62.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
  "msg": "''moderation in regard to the in'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
  "path": [
    "temperance"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "temperance",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.